How Can Ants Help Soil?
WouterAmong the most diverse groups of social insects, ants have the largest global range. They represent half of the world’s insect biomass. A large number of ants are responsible for dispersing flowering plants throughout the country.
They also play a key role in garden ecosystems. Many gardeners intentionally introduce ants into their garden habitats. Ants help soil by clearing the surface of vegetation and transporting seeds to more nutrient-rich habitats. In addition, they speed up decomposition of decaying plant matter.
Ants make aggregate mulches that help preserve moisture in soil. These mulches may also play a critical role in the health of soil in agricultural fields.
Ants can also help soil by collecting and transporting pest insects to the plants they feed on. These insects release honeydew, which ants consume. Honeydew can attract ants to a particular location and help increase the number of ants in the area.
Ants can also help soil by increasing water infiltration, which is an important factor in soil hydrology. Increased water infiltration also promotes microbial activities, which increases plant nutrient uptake.
The effect of ants on soil fertility is an important topic that is tested in a number of independent studies. Most studies showed an increase in soil nutrients in ant nest sites, though some studies found a decrease. Generally, soils affected by ant activity are rich in phosphorus and nitrogen.
Ants also contribute to soil fertility by accumulating plant waste, which is more fertile than animal waste. This process is called myrmecochory. It is especially helpful in dry and arid habitats.
