Why Are Termites a Keystone Species?
WouterTermites are known to be keystone species in the natural environment. In fact, they have a title of their own – ecosystem engineers. They have the capacity to manipulate the environment by modifying the distribution of grasses and herbaceous plants.
Termites are not only important as a food source, but also as a fungus producer and a soil symbiont. They ingest dead organic material from the ground and break it down to release nutrients. This helps the ground replenish its resources faster.
Moreover, termites are also a major source of food for predatory insects. They produce about 30 thousand eggs a day, ensuring that the cycle of the colony continues.
A termite mound is an impressive architectural feat. It takes decades to develop, and can grow to the size of a rugby ball. They pull air and moisture through their tunnels, which in turn provides benefits to other animals and plants.
In arid regions, water infiltration is an essential feature. The fungus that termites produce helps distribute nutrients throughout the soil. The alates, or workers, are the nervous system of the colony.
While termites are not the only keystone species in the ecosystem, their role in the system has been recognized. For example, termite mounds help to stabilise the temperature of the interior of the mound. This means that the temperature will remain constant year round.
It is also worth mentioning that termites play a significant role in the literature. They are featured in several superstitious beliefs and even have an oracle role in art.
