How Do Earthworms and Termites Help in the Process of Decomposition?
WouterTermites and earthworms are both important components in the decomposition process. They break down the organic material into simple compounds, which are then added back to the soil. This results in an increase in the amount of organic carbon in the environment. The decomposition process is a key component of ecosystem functioning. The diversity of species that produce and consume organic matter can affect the soil chemistry and the biogeochemical processes in the ecosystem.
Various species of termites, as well as fungi and other organisms, play a role in decomposition. Some species build large mounds, while others build tunnels. They use wood fibers in their nests, and they construct fungus gardens. They also transfer soil/organic materials into their nests. The amount of organic matter in termite mounds can be up to 3-5 times greater than surrounding soils.
They are also capable of decomposing large amounts of litter. They also have extensive ventilation systems within their mounds. These termite mounds range in shape, from a wedge-shaped mound to a completely enclosed mound. The size of the nest can range from a few millimeters to five meters in height.
Some species of termites produce exogenous enzymes. These enzymes are produced by symbionts in the hind gut. The symbionts are able to mineralize the materials in the termite gut. This means that the termite digestive tract is not contaminated with methanotrophs. These free-living methanotrophic bacteria may be present in the soils where termites live.
