How an Aircraft Can Become Electrically Charged As It Flies Through the Air

Electricity is produced when an aircraft rubs off electrons from the air and other particles. This electricity carries an electrical charge that can easily penetrate plastic or paint surfaces. It can also reach fasteners and other metal structures. The size and speed of an aircraft affects the amount of static electricity. A small commuter aircraft has a small static charge of about 100 picofarads, while a large airliner’s charge may be three times that size.

The excess electrons ionize air particles, resulting in an electrical discharge. The discharge causes an area around the aircraft, known as a corona. This causes the excess electrons to jump point to point over a very small distance. The aircraft’s charge is then dissipated. The discharge is most common on aircraft with communication antennas, and this can disrupt radio reception and communication gear. According to NASA, this type of interference can occur over 10 kHz to 350 MHz.

Lightning strikes on large commercial aircraft happen once per year on average, but they are not fatal. A small flash of lightning can cause some minor damage, while a large lightning bolt can strike an aircraft. Lightning strikes on large commercial airplanes can occur on their own, or they can be triggered by the plane itself.

The researchers behind the project have demonstrated the feasibility of charging an aircraft while it flies through the air. In order to achieve this, the aircraft must be outfitted with an automated control system. This control system would include sensors to detect the electric field, and actuators to emit a current. The power level for the system would be much lower than the power required to run a conventional light bulb.