Which Spiders Have Neurotoxins?
WouterNeurotoxins are a group of compounds that attack the nervous system. This group of toxins is usually found in spider venom. Although they are not very toxic to humans, they can cause painful systemic symptoms and lesions on the skin.
Many species of spiders produce neurotoxic venom. They have venom glands on their bodies that secrete the toxins. Some spiders have weak venoms, which are harmless to people. Others have venoms that are highly toxic. This is because the venom contains molecules that are designed to kill or paralyze prey.
The main chemical components of spider venom include cytotoxins, biogenic amines, nucleic acids, and salts. Several other biological active molecules are involved as well. Some venoms contain more than 1000 different peptides. Some also contain enzymes and proteins. Some of the toxins are known to act synergistically with other neurotoxic molecules.
Spider venom contains polyamines, which act to paralyze prey. The polyamines are believed to bind to neuromuscular junctions to prevent glutamate release.
Some species of spiders, such as the black widow and the common house spider, produce very toxic venom. They are capable of spreading the venom to the entire body. The bite can be painful and can last for up to five days. The bite can also cause cyanosis. The bite can spread to the brain and chest. The venom can also cause inflammation.
A group of researchers from the University of Sao Paulo State discovered evidence of neurotoxins on the silk of webs. The compounds were able to penetrate the web and diffuse into the prey. These researchers believe the compounds may have a role in deterring animals from navigating the web.
