Do Ants Produce Formic Acid?
WouterDuring a visit to an ant hill, you may ask, “do ants produce formic acid?” This is a natural chemical, which is often used by humans as an antibacterial substance. It is also used as a food preservative.
Several species of ants produce formic acid, including members of the subfamily Formicinae. The substance is found naturally in ant venom. It is also found in the bites of other insects.
In addition to producing formic acid, some ants also use it as a deterrent against predators. Specifically, wood ants in the genus Formica spray formic acid on their nests and prey. It has been suggested that this behavior may prevent the spread of infection within the ant colony.
However, the effectiveness of formic acid to ward off predators is not always impenetrable. During a study two years ago, Dr. Simon Tragust showed that ants use it to help protect brood care.
Unlike many other species of ants, some members of the Formicinae subfamily do not sting. Instead, they use a special gland in their abdomen to produce formic acid. It is found in the venom of some ants, but not all.
Some researchers have suggested that the ants may use formic acid to detoxify the venom. However, the evidence for this theory is scarce.
The substance is found in a variety of insects, including stinging nettles, bees and some ant species. It is also used in the manufacture of food additives.
